Everything about Max Ernst totally explained
Max Ernst (
2 April 1891 -
1 April 1976) was a
German painter,
sculptor,
graphic artist, and
poet, considered one of the chief representatives of
Dadaism and
Surrealism.
Early life
Max Ernst was born in
Brühl,
Germany, near
Cologne. In 1909, he enrolled in the University at
Bonn to study philosophy but soon abandoned the courses. He began painting that year, but never received any formal artistic training.) In 1919 Ernst visited
Paul Klee and created paintings, block prints and
collages, and experimented with
mixed media.
In 1922, he joined fellow Dadaists
André Breton,
Gala,
Tristan Tzara,
Paul Éluard at the artistic community of Montparnasse.
Ernst developed a fascination with birds that was prevalent in his work. His alter ego in paintings, which he called
Loplop, was a bird. He suggested this alter-ego was an extension of himself stemming from an early confusion of birds and humans. He said his sister was born soon after his bird died. Loplop often appeared in collages of other artists' work, such as
Loplop presents André Breton. Ernst drew a great deal of controversy with his 1926 painting
The Virgin Chastises the infant Jesus before Three Witnesses: André Breton, Paul Éluard, and the Painter. In 1927 he married Marie-Berthe Aurenche, and it's thought his relationship with her may have inspired the erotic subject matter of
The Kiss and other works of this year. In 1930, he appeared in the film "
L'âge d'or" directed jointly by Salvador Dali and Luis Bunuel. Ernst began to make sculpture in 1934, and spent time with
Alberto Giacometti. In 1938, the
American heiress and artistic
patron Peggy Guggenheim acquired a number of Max Ernst's works which she displayed in her new museum in
London.
World War II and after
In 1938 he was interned in Camp des Milles, near Aix-en-Provence along with fellow surrealist,
Hans Bellmer, who had recently emigrated to Paris on the outbreak of
World War II. Thanks to the intercession of
Paul Eluard, and other friends including the journalist
Varian Fry he was discharged a few weeks later. Soon after the Nazi occupation of France, he was arrested again, this time by the Gestapo, but managed to escape and flee to America with the help of Guggenheim. He left behind his lover,
Leonora Carrington, and she suffered a major mental breakdown. Ernst and Guggenheim arrived in the
United States in
1941 and were married the following year. Along with other artists and friends (
Marcel Duchamp and
Marc Chagall) who had fled from the war and lived in
New York City, Ernst helped inspire the development of
Abstract expressionism.
His marriage to Guggenheim didn't last, and in
Beverly Hills, California in October of 1946, in a double ceremony with
Man Ray and Juliet Browner, he married
Dorothea Tanning. The couple first made their home in
Sedona, Arizona. In 1948 Ernst wrote the treatise
Beyond Painting. As a result of the publicity, he began to achieve financial success.
In 1953 he and Tanning moved to a small town in the south of France where he continued to work. The City, and the Galeries Nationales du Grand-Palais in Paris published a complete catalogue of his works.
Ernst died on
1 April 1976, in
Paris.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Max Ernst'.
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